Microprocessor, Microprocessor Instruction Set and Computer Languages, From Large Computers to Single-Chip Microcontrollers, Applications.

Microprocessor Architecture and Microcomputer System:
Microprocessor Architecture and its operation’s, Memory, I/O Devices, Microprocessor-Based System Application.

8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Memory Interface:
Introduction, 8085 Microprocessor unit, 8085-Based Microcomputer, Memory Interfacing, Interfacing the 8155 Memory Segment, Illustrative Example: Designing Memory for the MCTS Project, Testing and Troubleshooting Memory Interfacing Circuit, 8085-Based Single-Board microcomputer.

Basic Interfacing concepts, Interfacing Output Displays, Interfacing Input Devices, Memory Mapped I/O, Testing and Troubleshooting I/O Interfacing Circuits.

Introduction to 8085 Assembly Language Programming
The 8085 Programming Model, Instruction Classification, Instruction, Data and Storage, Writing assembling and Execution of a simple program, Overview of 8085 Instruction Set, Writing and Assembling Program.

Introduction to 8085 Instructions:
Data Transfer Operations, Arithmetic Operations, Logic Operation, Branch Operation, Writing Assembly Languages Programs, Debugging a Program.

Programming Techniques: Looping, Counting and Indexing, Additional Data Transfer and 16-Bit Arithmetic Instructions, Arithmetic Instruction Related to Memory, Logic Operations: Rotate, Logics Operations: Compare, Dynamic Debugging.

Counters and Time Delays:
Counters and Time Delays, Illustrative Program: Hexadecimal Counter, Illustrative Program: zero-to-nine (Modulo Ten) Counter, Generating Pulse Waveforms, Debugging Counter and Time-Delay Programs.

Stacks and Sub-Routines
Stack, Subroutine, Restart, Conditional Call, Return Instructions, Advanced Subroutine concepts.

BCD-to-Binary Conversion, Binary-to-BCD Conversion, BCD-to-Seven-Segment-LED Code Conversion, Binary-to-ASCII and ASCII-to-Binary Code Conversion, BCD Addition, BCD Subtraction, Introduction to Advanced Instructions and Applications, Multiplication, Subtraction with Carry.

Software Development System and Assemblers:Flip-Flop:
Microprocessors-Based Software Development system, Operating System and Programming Tools, Assemblers and Cross-Assemblers, Writing Program Using Cross Assemblers.

Interrupts:
The 8085 Interrupt, 8085 Vectored Interrupts, Restart as S/W Instructions, Additional I/O Concepts and processes.

Introduction, Special Pentium registers, Memory management, Pentium instructions, Pentium Pro microprocessor, Special Pentium Pro features.

Core 2 and later Microprocessors:
Introduction, Pentium II software changes, Pentium IV and Core 2, i3, i5 and i7.

SUN SPARC Microprocessor:
Architecture, Register file, data types and instruction format

What is Internet? Introduction to internet and its applications, E-mail, telnet, FTP, e-commerce, video conferencing, e-business. Internet service providers, domain name server, internet address, World Wide Web (WWW): World Wide Web and its evolution, uniform resource locator (URL), browsers – internet explorer, Netscape navigator, opera, Firefox, chrome, Mozilla. Search engine, web saver – apache, IIS, proxy server, HTTP protocol

Set Theory, HTML5:
Introduction, Why HTML5? Formatting text by using tags, using lists and backgrounds, Creating hyperlinks and anchors. Style sheets, CSS formatting text using style sheets, formatting paragraphs using Stylesheets.

Creating navigational aids: planning site organization, creating text based navigation bar, creating graphics based navigation bar, creating graphical navigation bar, creating image map, redirecting to another URL, creating division based layouts: HTML5 semantic tags, creating divisions, creating HTML5 semantic layout, positioning and formatting divisions.

HTML5 Tables, Forms and Media:
Creating tables: creating simple table, specifying the size of the table, specifying the width of the column, merging table cells, using tables for page layout, formatting tables: applying table borders, applying background and foreground fills, changing cell padding, spacing and alignment, creating user forms: creating basic form, using check boxes and option buttons, creating lists, additional input types in HTML5, Incorporating sound and video: audio and video in HTML5, HTML multimedia basics, embedding video clips, incorporating audio on web page.

Introduction, Client-Side JavaScript, Server-Side JavaScript, JavaScript Objects, JavaScript Security,

Operators:
Assignment Operators, Comparison Operators, Arithmetic Operators, % (Modulus), ++ (Increment), -- (Decrement), -(Unary Negation), Logical Operators, Short-Circuit Evaluation, String Operators, Special Operators, ?: (Conditional operator), , (Comma operator), delete, new, this, void

Statements:
Break, comment, continue, delete, do...while, export, for, for...in, function, if...else, import, labelled, return, switch, var, while,with

Core JavaScript (Properties and Methods of Each):
Array, Boolean, Date, Function, Math, Number, Object, String, regExp

Document and its associated objects:
objects: document, Link, Area, Anchor, Image, Applet, Layer

Events and Event Handlers:
General Information about Events ,Defining Event Handlers, event, onAbort, onBlur, onChange, onClick,onDblClick, onDragDrop, onError, onFocus, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onLoad, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, onMove, onReset,onResize, onSelect, onSubmit, onUnload

Why PHP and MySQL? Server-side scripting, PHP syntax and variables, comments, types, control structures, branching, looping, termination, functions, passing information with PHP, GET, POST, formatting form variables, superglobal arrays, strings and string functions, regular expressions, arrays, number handling, basic PHP errors/problems

PHP/MySQL Functions, Integrating web forms and databases, Displaying queries in tables, Building Forms from queries, String and Regular Expressions, Sessions, Cookies and HTTP, E-Mail

Mathematical Modeling and Engineering Problem Solving:
A Simple Mathematical Model, Conservation Laws and Engineering Problems

Approximations and Round-Off Errors:
Significant Figures, Accuracy and Precision, Error Definitions, Round-Off Errors.

Truncation Errors and the Taylor Series:
The Taylor Series, Error Propagation, Total Numerical Errors, Formulation Errors and Data Uncertainty.

Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations:
The Bisection Method, The Newton-Raphson Method,The Regula-falsi method, The Secant Method.

Interpolation:
Forward Difference, Backward Difference, Newton’s Forward Difference Interpolation, Newton’s Backward Difference Interpolation,Lagrange’s Interpolation.

Solution of simultaneous algebraic equations (linear) using iterative methods:
Gauss-Jordan Method, Gauss-Seidel Method.

Numerical differentiation and Integration:
Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration using Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules.

Numerical solution of 1st and 2nd order differential equations:
Taylor series, Euler’s Method, Modified Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Method for 1st and 2nd Order Differential Equations.

Least-Squares Regression:
Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, General Linear Least Squares, Nonlinear Regression

Linear Programming:
Linear optimization problem, Formulation and Graphical solution, Basic solution and Feasible solution.

Random variables:
Discrete and Continuous random variables, Probability density function, Probability distribution of random variables, Expected value, Variance.

Distributions:
Discrete distributions: Uniform, Binomial, Poisson, Bernoulli, Continuous distributions: uniform distributions, exponential, (derivation of mean and variance only and state other properties and discuss their applications) Normal distribution state all the properties and its applications.

Overview and Issues:
Problems: Toxins, Power Consumption, Equipment Disposal, Company’s Carbon Footprint: Measuring, Details, reasons to bother, Plan for the Future, Cost Savings: Hardware, Power.

Initiatives and Standards:
Global Initiatives: United Nations, Basel Action Network, Basel Convention, North America: The United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, WEEE Directive, RoHS, National Adoption, Asia: Japan, China, Korea.

Minimizing Power Usage:
Power Problems, Monitoring Power Usage, Servers, Low-Cost Options, Reducing Power Use, Data De-Duplication, Virtualization, Management, Bigger Drives, Involving the Utility Company, Low-Power Computers, PCs, Linux, Components, Servers, Computer Settings, Storage, Monitors, Power Supplies, Wireless Devices, Software.

Cooling:
Cooling Costs, Power Cost, Causes of Cost, Calculating Cooling Needs, Reducing Cooling Costs, Economizers, On-Demand Cooling, HP’s Solution, Optimizing Airflow, Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle, Raised Floors, Cable Management, Vapour Seal, Prevent Recirculation of Equipment Exhaust, Supply Air Directly to Heat Sources, Fans, Humidity, Adding Cooling, Fluid Considerations, System Design, Data centre Design, Centralized Control, Design for Your Needs, Put Everything Together.

Changing the Way of Work:
Old Behaviors, starting at the Top, Process Reengineering with Green in Mind, Analyzing the Global Impact of Local Actions, Steps: Water, Recycling, Energy, Pollutants, Teleworkers and Outsourcing, Telecommuting, Outsourcing, how to Outsource.

Going Paperless:
Paper Problems, The Environment, Costs: Paper and Office, Practicality, Storage, Destruction, Going Paperless, Organizational Realities, Changing Over, Paperless Billing, Handheld Computers vs. the Clipboard, Unified Communications, Intranets, What to Include, Building an Intranet, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Nuts and Bolts, Value Added Networks, Advantages, Obstacles.

Recycling:
Problems, China, Africa, Materials, Means of Disposal, Recycling, Refurbishing, Make the Decision, Life Cycle, from beginning to end, Life, Cost, Green Design, Recycling Companies, Finding the Best One, Checklist, Certifications, Hard Drive Recycling, Consequences, cleaning a Hard Drive, Pros and cons of each method, CDs and DVDs, good and bad about CD and DVDs disposal, Change the mind-set, David vs. America Online

Hardware Considerations:
Certification Programs, EPEAT, RoHS, Energy Star, Computers, Monitors, Printers, Scanners, All-in-Ones, Thin Clients, Servers, Blade Servers, Consolidation, Products, Hardware Considerations, Planned Obsolescence, Packaging, Toxins, Other Factors, Remote Desktop, Using Remote Desktop, Establishing a Connection, In Practice

Greening Your Information Systems:
Initial Improvement Calculations, Selecting Metrics, Tracking Progress, Change Business Processes, Customer Interaction, Paper Reduction, Green Supply Chain, Improve Technology Infrastructure, Reduce PCs and Servers, Shared Services, Hardware Costs, Cooling.

Staying Green:
Organizational Check-ups, Chief Green Officer, Evolution, Sell the CEO, SMART Goals, Equipment Check-ups, Gather Data, Tracking the data, Baseline Data, Benchmarking, Analyze Data, Conduct Audits, Certifications, Benefits, Realities, Helpful Organizations.

Introduction:
Data and Information, Data Structure, Classification of Data Structures, Primitive Data Types, Abstract Data Types, Data structure vs. File Organization, Operations on Data Structure, Algorithm, Importance of Algorithm Analysis, Complexity of an Algorithm, Asymptotic Analysis and Notations, Big O Notation, Big Omega Notation, Big Theta Notation, Rate of Growth and Big O Notation.

Array:
Introduction, One Dimensional Array, Memory Representation of One Dimensional Array, Traversing, Insertion, Deletion, Searching, Sorting, Merging of Arrays, Multidimensional Arrays, Memory Representation of Two Dimensional Arrays, General Multidimensional Arrays, Sparse Arrays, Sparse Matrix, Memory Representation of Special kind of Matrices, Advantages and Limitations of Arrays.

Linked List:
Linked List, One-way Linked List, Traversal of Linked List, Searching, Memory Allocation and De-allocation, Insertion in Linked List, Deletion from Linked List, Copying a List into Other List, Merging Two Linked Lists, Splitting a List into Two Lists, Reversing One way linked List, Circular Linked List, Applications of Circular Linked List, Two way Linked List, Traversing a Two way Linked List, Searching in a Two way linked List, Insertion of an element in Two way Linked List, Deleting a node from Two way Linked List, Header Linked List, Applications of the Linked list, Representation of Polynomials, Storage of Sparse Arrays, Implementing other Data Structures.

Stack:
Introduction, Operations on the Stack Memory Representation of Stack, Array Representation of Stack, Applications of Stack, Evaluation of Arithmetic Expression, Matching Parenthesis, infix and postfix operations, Recursion.

Queue:
Introduction, Queue, Operations on the Queue, Memory Representation of Queue, Array representation of queue, Linked List Representation of Queue, Circular Queue, Some special kinds of queues, Deque, Priority Queue, Application of Priority Queue, Applications of Queues.

Bubble, Selection, Insertion, Merge Sort. Searching: Sequential, Binary, Indexed Sequential Searches, Binary Search.

Tree:
Tree, Binary Tree, Properties of Binary Tree, Memory Representation of Binary Tree, Operations Performed on Binary Tree, Reconstruction of Binary Tree from its Traversals, Huffman Algorithm, Binary Search Tree, Operations on Binary Search Tree, Heap, Memory Representation of Heap, Operation on Heap, Heap Sort.

Advanced Tree Structures:
Red Black Tree, Operations Performed on Red Black Tree, AVL Tree, Operations performed on AVL Tree, 2- 3 Tree, B-Tree

Hashing Techniques :
Hash function, Address calculation techniques, Common hashing functions Collision resolution, Linear probing, Quadratic, Double hashing, Bucket hashing, Deletion and rehashing.

Graph:
Introduction, Graph, Graph Terminology, Memory Representation of Graph, Adjacency Matrix Representation of Graph, Adjacency List or Linked Representation of Graph, Operations Performed on Graph, Graph Traversal, Applications of the Graph, Reachability, Shortest Path Problems, Spanning Trees.

Introduction :
Data communications, networks, network types, Internet history, standards and administration.

Network Models:
Protocol layering, TCP/IP protocol suite, The OSI model.

Introduction to Physical layer:
Data and signals, periodic analog signals, digital signals, transmission impairment, data rate limits, performance.

Digital and Analog transmission:
Digital-to-digital conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, transmission modes, digital-to-analog conversion, and analog-to-analog conversion.

Bandwidth Utilization :
Multiplexing and Spectrum Spreading: Multiplexing, Spread Spectrum

Transmission media:
Guided Media, Unguided Media

Switching:
Introduction, circuit switched networks, packet switching, and structure of a switch.

Digital and Analog transmission:
Link layer addressing, Data Link Layer Design Issues, Error detection and correction, block coding, cyclic codes, checksum, forward error correction, error correcting codes, error detecting codes.

Data Link Control:
DLC services, data link layer protocols, HDLC, Point-to-point protocol. Media Access Control: Random access, controlled access, channelization, Wired LANs – Ethernet Protocol, standard Ethernet, fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, 10 gigabit Ethernet, Wireless LANs: Introduction, IEEE 802.11 project, Bluetooth, WiMAX, Cellular telephony, Satellite networks. Connecting devices and Virtual LANs. Data Link Control: DLC services, data link layer protocols, HDLC, Point-to-point protocol.

Media Access Control:
Random access, controlled access, channelization, Wired LANs – Ethernet Protocol, standard Ethernet, fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, 10 gigabit Ethernet

Wireless LANs:
Introduction, IEEE 802.11 project, Bluetooth, WiMAX, Cellular telephony, Satellite networks.

Introduction to the Network Layer:
Network layer services, packet switching, network layer performance, IPv4 addressing, forwarding of IP packets, Internet Protocol, ICMPv4, Mobile IP

Unicast Routing:
Introduction, routing algorithms, unicast routing protocols.

Next generation IP:
IPv6 addressing, IPv6 protocol, ICMPv6 protocol, transition from IPv4 to IPv6.

Introduction to the Transport Layer:
Introduction, Transport layer protocols (Simple protocol, Stop-and-wait protocol, Go-Back-n protocol, Selective repeat protocol, Bidirectional protocols), Transport layer services, User datagram protocol, Transmission control protocol.

Standard Client0Server Protocols:
World wide-web and HTTP, FTP, Electronic mail, Telnet, Secured Shell, Domain name system.

Introduction to Databases and Transactions:
What is database system, purpose of database system, view of data, relational databases, database architecture, and transaction management

Data Models:
The importance of data models, Basic building blocks, Business rules, The evolution of data models, Degrees of data abstraction.

Database Design, ER Diagram and Unified Modeling Language Database design and ER Model:
overview, ER Model, Constraints, ER Diagrams, ERD Issues, weak entity sets, Codd’s rules, Relational Schemas, Introduction to UML

Relational database model:
Logical view of data, keys, integrity rules, Relational Database design: features of good relational database design, atomic domain and Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF).

Relational Algebra and Calculus:
Relational algebra: introduction, Selection and projection, set operations, renaming, Joins, Division, syntax, semantics. Operators, grouping and ungrouping, relational comparison.

Calculus:
Tuple relational calculus, Domain relational Calculus, calculus vs algebra, computational capabilities.

Constraints, Views and SQL:
Constraints, types of constrains, Integrity constraints, Views: Introduction to views, data independence, security, updates on views, comparison between tables and views SQL: data definition, aggregate function, Null Values, nested sub queries, Joined relations. Triggers.

Transaction management and Concurrency:
Control Transaction management: ACID properties, serializability and concurrency control, Lock based concurrency control (2PL, Deadlocks), Time stamping methods, optimistic methods, database recovery management.

PL-SQL:
Beginning with PL / SQL, Identifiers and Keywords, Operators, Expressions, Sequences, Control Structures, Cursors and Transaction, Collections and composite data types, Procedures and Functions, Exceptions Handling, Packages, With Clause and Hierarchical Retrieval, Triggers.

Matrices:
Inverse of a matrix, Properties of matrices, Elementary Transformation, Rank of Matrix, Echelon or Normal Matrix, Inverse of matrix, Linear equations, Linear dependence and linear independence of vectors, Linear transformation, Characteristics roots and characteristics vectors, Properties of characteristic vectors, CaleyHamilton Theorem, Similarity of matrices, Reduction of matrix to a diagonal matrix which has elements as characteristics values.

Complex Numbers:
Complex number, Equality of complex numbers, Graphical representation of complex number(Argand’s Diagram), Polar form of complex numbers, Polar form of x+iy for different signs of x,y, Exponential form of complex numbers, Mathematical operation with complex numbers and their representation on Argand’s Diagram, Circular functions of complex angles, Definition of hyperbolic function, Relations between circular and hyperbolic functions, Inverse hyperbolic functions, Differentiation and Integration, Graphs of the hyperbolic functions, Logarithms of complex quality, j(=i)as an operator(Electrical circuits)

Equation of the first order and of the first degree:
Separation of variables, Equations homogeneous in x and y, Non-homogeneous linear equations, Exact differential Equation, Integrating Factor, Linear Equation and equation reducible to this form, Method of substitution.

Differential equation of the first order of a degree higher than the first:
Introduction, Solvable for p (or the method of factors), Solve for y, Solve for x, Clairaut’s form of the equation, Methods of Substitution, Method of Substitution.

Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients:
Introduction, The Differential Operator, Linear Differential Equation f(D) y = 0, Different cases depending on the nature of the root of the equation f(D) = 0, Linear differential equation f(D) y = X, The complimentary Function, The inverse operator 1/f(D) and the symbolic expiration for the particular integral 1/f(D) X; the general methods, Particular integral : Short methods, Particular integral : Other methods, Differential equations reducible to the linear differential equations with constant coefficients.

The Laplace Transform:
Introduction, Definition of the Laplace Transform, Table of Elementary Laplace Transforms, Theorems on Important Properties of Laplace Transformation, First Shifting Theorem, Second Shifting Theorem, The Convolution Theorem, Laplace Transform of an Integral, Laplace Transform of Derivatives

Inverse Laplace Transform:
Shifting Theorem, Partial fraction Methods, Use of Convolution Theorem, Solution of Ordinary Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients, Solution of Simultaneous Ordinary Differential Equations, Laplace Transformation of Special Function, Periodic Functions, Heaviside Unit Step Function, Dirac-delta Function(Unit Impulse Function)

Multiple Integrals:
Double Integral, Change of the order of the integration, Double integral in polar co-ordinates, Triple integrals.

Applications of integration:
Areas, Volumes of solids.

Beta and Gamma Functions:
Definitions, Properties and Problems. Duplication formula. Differentiation Under the Integral Sign Error Functions